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Adapted from the PICOT Questions Template; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006. This form may be used for educational & research purposes without permission.

Template  for  Asking  PICOT  Questions

INTERVENTION

In  ____________________(P),  how  does  ____________________  (I)  compared  to

____________________(C)  affect  _____________________(O)  within  ___________(T)?

THERAPY

In  __________________(P),  what  is  the  effect  of  __________________(I)  compared  to

_____________  (C)  on  ________________(O  within  _____________(T)?

PROGNOSIS/PREDICTION   In  ______________  (P),  how  does  ___________________  (I)  compared  to  _____________(C)

influence  __________________  (O)  over  _______________  (T)?

DIAGNOSIS  OR  DIAGNOSTIC  TEST

In  ___________________(P)  are/is  ____________________(I)    compared  with

_______________________(C)  more  accurate  in  diagnosing  _________________(O)?

ETIOLOGY

Are____________________  (P),  who  have  ____________________  (I)  compared  with  those

without  ____________________(C)  at  ____________  risk  for/of

____________________(O)  over  ________________(T)?

MEANING

How  do  _______________________  (P)  with  _______________________  (I)    perceive

_______________________  (O)  during  ________________(T)?

Adapted from the PICOT Questions Template; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006. This form may be used for educational & research purposes without permission.

Short  Definitions of  Different  Types of  Questions     Intervention/Therapy:  Questions addressing the treatment of an illness or disability.     Etiology:  Questions addressing the causes or origins of disease  (i.e.,  factors that produce or predispose toward a  certain disease or disorder).     Diagnosis:  Questions addressing the act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a  disease or injury through evaluation.     Prognosis/Prediction:  Questions addressing the prediction of the course of a  disease.     Meaning:  Questions addressing how one experiences a  phenomenon.

Sample  Questions:     Intervention:  In  African-­‐American  female  adolescents  with  hepatitis  B  (P),  how  does   acetaminophen  (I)  compared  to  ibuprofen  (C)  affect  liver  function  (O)?     Therapy:  In  children  with  spastic  cerebral  palsy  (P),  what  is  the  effect  of  splinting  and  casting(I)   compared  to  constraint-­‐  induced  therapy  (C)  on  two-­‐handed  skill  development  (O)?     Prognosis/Prediction:     1)  For  patients  65  years  and  older  (P),  how  does  the  use  of  an  influenza  vaccine  (I)  compared  to   not  received  the  vaccine  (C)  influence  the  risk  of  developing  pneumonia  (O)  during  flu  season   (T)?     2)  In  patients  who  have  experienced  an  acute  myocardial  infarction  (P),  how  does  being  a   smoker  (I)  compared  to  a  non-­‐smoker  (C)  influence  death  and  infarction  rates  (O)  during  the   first  5  years  after  the  myocardial  infarction  (T)?     Diagnosis:  In  middle-­‐aged  males  with  suspected  myocardial  infarction  (P),  are  serial  12-­‐lead   ECGs  (I)  compared  to  one  initial  12-­‐lead  ECG  (C)  more  accurate  in  diagnosing  an  acute   myocardial  infarction  (O)?     Etiology:  Are  30-­‐  to  50-­‐year-­‐old  women  (P)  who  have  high  blood  pressure  (I)  compared  with   those  without  high  blood  pressure  (C)  at  increased  risk  for  an  acute  myocardial  infarction  (O)   during  the  first  year  after  hysterectomy  (T)?     Meaning:  How  do  young  males  (P)  with  a  diagnosis  of  below  the  waist  paralysis  (I)  perceive   their  interactions  with  their  romantic  significant  others  (O)  during  the  first  year  after  their   diagnosis  (T)?