NTRODUCTION
Physiology helps in understanding the living mechanisms i.e. how living things work. It also explains about interaction of the cells, organs, muscles and organs. Sonia was suffering from the disease Ulcerative Colitis, a disease of the large intestine, which includes features such as ulcers or opens sores. This disease is caused by the immune system, which in the digestive tract overreacts to normal bacteria. This disease can affect any person but most people who have it are diagnosed before the age of 30. The case study is covered by the following points: Pathophysiology, pharmacology, nursing interventions, psychosocial issues, assessment tools etc.

TASK 1: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, TO INCLUDE AETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS, BIOCHEMISTRY & DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Disordered physiology related to the condition – what is happening to the body

As per the case study, Sonia was admitted in the hospital and suffering from the disease Ulcerative Colitis. Her body was pale and has very little energy. She has lost her half a stone in weight because of the suffering and was unable to eat much because of her stomach cramps (Belland et.al., 2005). Frequency of diarrhea was increasing and is now needed to pass tools 7 to 8 times a day. After examination she is pyrexial means the temperature of the body was rising and also causes infection to the body, Tachycardic means heart rate increases and exceeds the normal range. She also suffers from the abdominal discomforts and abdominal distension means outward expansion away from the normal girth of the stomach (Brownand et.al., 2006).

Effects

Pathophysiology means a disordered physiological process associated with disease or injury. Sonia was suffering from the disease Ulcerative Colitis, a disease of the large intestine, which includes features such as ulcers or opens sores. It is a kind of inflammatory disease. It has affected Sonia’s body and because of that Sonia was pale with little energy. She has lost a half a stone weight over the previous week and she was not enabling to eat much due to her stomach cramps. When the doctor examined she is pyrexial means the temperature of her body rises, Tachycardic means her heart rate exceeds from the normal range and she has abdominal discomfort and abdominal distension means outward expansion beyond the normal girth of the stomach and waist.

Predispose someone to be at risk of having this condition

Ulcerative colitis causes are not known directly. Sonia immune system was affected, which in the digestive tract overreacts to normal bacteria. The different types of viruses and bacteria can cause it. This disease can affect any person but most people who have it are diagnosed before the age of 30. (Changand et.al., 2006). The genetic components to the etiology are based on the following: Aggregation of the ulcerative colitis in families, in incidence there are ethnic differences, linkages and genetic makers. For ulcerative colitis many environmental contributions to the pathogenesis are: Diet, Breast feeding, Accutane.

Signs and Symptoms

The main symptom of the ulcerative Colitis is the bloody diarrhea. The different signs and symptoms of Ulcerative colitis are as follows:

Rectal bleeding
Iron deficiency because of blood loss in diarrhea
Weight loss
When disease symptoms are severe fever can occur
Lower abdominal pain and cramps
Urgency to defecate (urgent bowel movements)
Elevated temperature
Sonia is suffering from disease and it can increase arthritis, Skin rashes, 4% get liver disease and inflammation of the eye. Sonia faced many complications such as increasing frequency of diarrhea and the potentially severe inflammation. Sonia has lost weight because of she was unable to eat. (Madara and Denino, 2007).

Diagnostic tests need to be carried out to confirm/disconfirm the diagnosis