The major difference between experimental and nonexperimental research designs is the manipulation of the independent variable(s). Three main points characterize experimental research, including (1) controlled manipulation of at least one independent variable; (2) a treatment group and a control group; and (3) random assignment of the participants to treatment or control group (Grove, Gray, & Burns, 2015). A common experimental research design used in studies in the healthcare field is the pretest-posttest design with treatment and control groups. An example of this would be to measure vital signs in premature newborns before the intervention, skin-to-skin contact, is applied and then measure them again during application of skin-to-skin contact, also known as Kangaroo care. Experimental and Non Experimental Research Designs Assignment Papers.