Cancer Risk Among Lung Transplant Recipients 

1. Introduction

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common lifeshortening,
genetic disorders and occurs in approximately
one in 3500 Caucasian births in the US [1]. Mutations in the
cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene lead
to malfunctioning or absent CFTR protein, which impairs
mucosal clearance mechanisms causing recurring lung infections,
inflammation, and airflow obstruction. Over time there
have been tremendous improvements in CF treatment. In 2014,
the median predicted survival in the US was 39.3 years,
reflecting steady increases in survival since the early 1960s [2].
Bilateral lung transplantation is a treatment option for some
individuals with CF with severe lung disease. Currently,
approximately 200–250 individuals with CF receive a lung
transplant each year in the US [2]. Cancer Risk Among Lung Transplant Recipients Assignment Papers.
Cancer is emerging as a long-term complication of CF.
During the 1980s, numerous case reports described individuals
with CF developing malignancies of the digestive tract,
pancreas, and gallbladder [3–7]. These observations led to
single center and registry-based studies. While these studies
consistently showed that people with CF did not have elevated
overall cancer risk, they demonstrated 3–6 fold increased risks
for cancers of the digestive tract [8–11]. Cancer Risk Among Lung Transplant Recipients Assignment Papers.