Assignment: General Psychology

Assignment: General Psychology

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1. A recurrent issue in psychology has been whether differences between individuals are attributable to

a. experience or learning.

b. biology or physiology.

c. nutrition or learning.

d. hereditary or environment.

2. Wilhelm Wundt is considered to be the “Father of Psychology” because

a. first emphasized the unconscious causes of behavior.

b. emphasized the importance of observable behavior.

c. first questioned how the mind worked.

d. established the first scientific psychology laboratory.

3. The major advantage of experimentation over other research methods is that

a. other methods require more funding than experiments.

b. experiments allow for examination of cause-and-effect relations among variables.

c. experiments are more easily generalizable to real-life situations.

d. experiments require less time from subjects than do the other research methods.

4. If researchers were to find a strong negative correlation between the amount of alcohol consumed and the frequency of nightmares, then they could conclude

a. a low level of alcohol consumption is associated with low frequency of nightmares.

b. consuming alcohol causes nightmares.

c. a high level of alcohol consumption is associated with a low frequency of nightmares.

d. a high level of alcohol consumption is associated with a high frequency of nightmares.

5. A psychologist wants to study fears in preschoolers. Thus, she uses the survey method, and interviews 100 four year-old children. The children interviewed are to all preschoolers as

a. A sample is to a population.

b. A control group is to an experimental group.

c. an experimental group is to a control group.

d. a population is to a sample.

6. Christine’s car breaks down on the highway. She looks into her engine and accidentally touches something hot. Her hand immediately pulls away even before she realizes she has burned herself. This pulling away behavior is controlled by the

a. spinal cord.

b. peripheral nervous system.

c. brain.

d. autonomic nervous system.

7. Visual interpretation occurs mainly in the

a. frontal lobe.

b. parietal lobe.

c. occipital lobe.

d. temporal lobe.

8. The organization and interpretation of incoming sensory data is called

a. sensation.

b. attention.

c. perception

d. psychophysics.

9. The “paradox” of REM sleep is that

a. REM periods get longer while Non-REM periods get shorter.

b. an almost paralyzed body co-exists with a very active brain.

c. dreams take place in real time rather than in an instant.

d. even people who insist they don’t dream, do so during REM periods.

10. If psychological test is designed to measure anxiety but is found to measure creativity instead, the test is considered to be

a. unreliable.

b. invalid.

c. not objective.

d. not standardized.

11. The type of conditioning that depends on the consequence of the behavior is

a. higher order conditioning.

b. operant conditioning.

c. classical conditioning.

d. instinctive conditioning.

12. Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment showed that

a. reinforcement is necessary for someone to learn.

b. observational learning is correct.

c. insight learning is correct.

d. fears can be classically conditioned.

13. Infant Terry believes that when her father leaves the room he no longer exists. According to Piaget, Terry lacks

a. intelligence.

b. centration.

c. object permanence.

d. cognitive dissonance.

14. Research suggests that facial expressions such as those of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are

a. recognized by people of all cultures.

b. learned and differ from society and society.

c. differentially expressed in the East and West.

d. expressions of secondary emotions.

15. Pam must either write a ten-page term paper on an unappealing topic or read and summarize fifteen journal articles for her least favorite class. This student is faced with a(n)

a. approach-avoidance conflict.

b. avoidance-avoidance conflict.

c. approach-approach conflict.

d. multiple approach-avoidance conflict.

16. If Marie, in her debate class, gives a speech that is contrary to her own beliefs, she will probably experience

a. cognitive dissonance.

b. cognitive consistency.

c. cognitive emotionality.

d. approach-approach conflict.

17. Psychoanalysis emphasizes

a. responses to stimuli.

b. unconscious motives.

c. conditioning.

d. conscious motives.

18. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is

a. a listing and description of psychological disorders.

b. a guide to mental health insurance costs.

c. a book written by Freud.

d. a book of mathematical models used in psychology.

19. A type of therapy that examines distorted and unrealistic thinking is __________ therapy.

a. Humanistic

b. Family

c. Behavioral

d. Cognitive

20. Which of the following statements about Schizophrenia is true?

a. Schizophrenia involves disordered and disturbed thought.

b. Schizophrenia involves the existence of two or more distinct personalities within a single individual.

c. Schizophrenia involves lack of remorse for wrongs committed.

d. Schizophrenia is only found in Western cultures.

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21. Emphasized the practical nature of the mind and survival adaptation

22. Attempted to reduce conscious experience to its’ basic elements

23. Emphasized the practical nature of the mind and survival of adaptation

24. Believed the relationship between the parts is more important than individual parts

25. Emphasized the unconscious mind and sexual urges in influencing human behavior

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26. Mean: a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20 e) 25

27. Mode: a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20 e) 25

28. Median: a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20 e) 25

29. Range: a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20 e) 25

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30. Motor movement, planning and inhibition

31. Sensory input from body

32. Vision

33. Audition

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34. Drinking alcohol while taking other central nervous system depressants like Xanax bars is extremely dangerous because both drugs increase the effectiveness of the other in shutting down the _____ which is responsible for coordinating heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and several reflexes like coughing and sneezing. Assignment: General Psychology

a. Pons

b. Cerebellum

c. Medulla

d. spinal cord

35.

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35. Hue (Color)

36. Volume

37. Pitch

38. Brightness or Dullness of color

39. Saturation

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40. The process of interpreting and organizing the nervous system’s response to a stimulus is known as

a. adaptation

b. sensation

c. perception

d. psychophysics

41. The process by which sensory organs transform mechanical, chemical, or light energy into electrochemical energy or neural transmission is called

a. transduction

b. adaptation

c. psychophysics

d. perception

42. Learning refers to

a. a change in behavior that is demonstrated immediately.

b. a change in behavior that results from disease or maturation.

c. a relatively enduring change in potential behavior that results from experience.

d. all changes in behavior.

43. Sometimes when young children see lightening they cover their ears. The covering of the ears following the flash of light is Assignment: General Psychology

a. a conditioned stimulus.

b. a conditioned response.

c. an unconditioned response.

d. an unconditioned stimulus.

44. Which of the following discovered that learning sometimes involves the association of two stimuli (i.e. a bell with the presentation of dog food)? Assignment: General Psychology

a. Thorndike c. Tolman

b. Pavlov d. Skinner

45. “Any event that increases the probability that a response will occur” is the definition of

a. primary reinforcers. c. rewards.

b. operant conditioning. d. reinforcement.

46. The technique of “rewarding success approximations of the desired behavior” for obtaining an initial operant response of a rat pressing a bar is called

a. shaping c. physical guidance

b. modeling d. verbal instruction

47. The use of an alarm clock is a good example of

a. classical conditioning b. negative reinforcement

c. punishment. d. positive reinforcement.

48. According to Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, children who view aggression are more likely to be aggressive was based on the

a. Bobo doll experiment