Write a paper of 1,000-1,250 words in which you contrast public and private health care structures

Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

There continues to be much debate over the structure of health care organizations. Advocates of both public and private structures are quite vocal in attempting to persuade the general public to adopt their views. Proponents of public health care structures claim the public structure will make health care universally accessible while proponents of private structures assert that quality of care can only be achieved via a private structure. In this assignment, you will contrast public and private health care structures, analyze the current viability and future sustainability of each structure, and provide a rationale for which structure you believe is optimal. Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

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Directions:

Write a paper of 1,000-1,250 words in which you contrast public and private health care structures. Include the following in your paper:

A contrast of public and private structures with regard to the population served, decision-making processes, financial practices, and ethical considerations relating to the quality of care and patient safety.

An analysis of current viability and future sustainability of each structure.

A rationale for selecting one structure as optimal.

Rubric

Criteria            Percentage

Content           70.0%

Contrast of Public and Private Structures      20.0% Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

Analysis of Current Viability and Future Sustainability of Each Structure   20.0%

Rationale for Selecting One Structure as Optimal      20.0%

Synthesis and Argument         10.0%

Organization and Effectiveness          25.0%

Thesis Development and Purpose       20.0%

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Mechanics of Writing 5.0%

Introduction

            The current healthcare system of the United States is not only different but also complex as a result of major shifts from the use of indemnity plans to a managed healthcare system. Both private and public health structures continue to evolve due to factors such as: a drastic growth of the ageing population, increased healthcare costs, advanced healthcare technology, rising costs of family and individual health insurance, case settlements, high malpractice insurances and jury awards. However, the private sector owns and operates most hospitals. According to the statistics provided by McPake & Hanson (2016), 21% of hospitals are owned and operated by the government (public structures), 21% are for-profit organizations and 58% are non-profit organizations. Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

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Presently, both private and public health structures strive to optimize care through preventive services, reducing unnecessary and overutilization of expensive services, controlling and standardizing the quality of care to achieve universal healthcare. Therefore, there is much debate on the structure of healthcare organizations where advocates of each side try to persuade the public in adopting their views to achieve the aforementioned goals. While proponents of public health structures claim that a public health system will help achieve universal care, private structures proponents claim that it is only through private structures that high quality care can be achieved. Therefore, this paper contrasts private and public health structures, analyses the present viability and future sustainability of every structure and provides a rationale on the most optimal health structure. Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

Contrasting Public and Private Structures

US public health structures are fully funded by the national government. Their operations and healthcare initiatives are solely off of the money collected from taxpayers. Public health structures stay on top of expenditures and provide limited services since the purchase of necessary equipment, construction of new facilities, payment of salaries and prescriptions are decided on and paid for by a budget set by the local government (Frieden, 2015). Since healthcare costs are often lower, public structures commonly serve individuals with restrictive insurance, those unable to  pay for healthcare services out of pocket or not wealthy.

In contrast, private structures are fully funded and operated by their respective owners who can either be an individual or group. Decision making processes related to finance management, budget setting and ensuring compliance with relevant ethical and municipal codes, federal regulations and the state law are taken charge of by the owner. The owner also conducts staff recruitment, maintenance investment, purchase of equipment, controls the services provided and drafts contracts with doctors. Since private structures are not as limited in their budgets, they are best known to provide quality healthcare services and patient centered care (Chapman, 2014). Besides, patients rarely spend long hours queuing due to a low patient-doctor ratio. However, since the costs of healthcare services are much higher, private structures serve populations that are more affluent. Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

Analysis of Current Viability and Future Sustainability of Each Structure

            Public health structures do not maximize on profits. Therefore, healthcare providers do not need financial incentives to provide good healthcare services to public.  Instead, their motivation comes from job satisfaction and caring for patients which makes them more viable. Public health structures also promote universal access to care. If it would be left to the free market, it is undeniable that majority of those without private insurances would suffer (DeSalvo et al., 2016). It should be understood that in public health structures, healthcare does not work as a free market. Therefore, patients only trust the diagnoses made by a doctor as compared to shopping for the cheapest or best care. As it currently stands, introducing competition in public health structures is worthless since in actual practice, patients don’t choose between different providers. This explains why the sovereignty of consumers in public health structures cannot apply to other markets.

Private health structures provide a wide variety of choices to patients and are generally not limited by a public budget which can limit access to necessary but expensive treatments. Besides, as compared to public health structures, private structures are given efficiency incentives to ensure that patients are provided with better services. Presently in America’s healthcare system, an increase in the ageing population and treatment options are evidence that the demand for care is fast-growing as compared to the rate of economic growth. For instance, according to the statistics provided by Lorenzo, Belloni, & Sassi, (2014), the federal government spent approximately $9,400 per capita on healthcare and 17% of its GDP on health coverage in 2014. This implies that, there are instances when the national government’s expenditure on healthcare can be higher but still struggles to meet set expectations. However, private health structures have an integral role in enabling providers to maintain and reduce the healthcare burden on government expenditure which prompts lower taxation rates. Besides, as stated by DeSalvo et al. (2016), services provided by the government can experience scale diseconomies and become bureaucratic. However, the tendency to bureaucratic inefficiency can easily be avoided through private health structures. Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

Rationale for Selecting Public Health Structures As Optimal

Public health structures are optimal since they do not encourage private healthcare which can influence very high costs of administration and government subsidies for the elderly, the poor and those suffering from multiple chronic illnesses. The costs/benefits of treatments is another issue. According to McPake, & Hanson (2016), when private insurance pays for care as seen in private health structures, the mechanism to evaluate the benefits/costs of various treatments are less. Therefore, doctors may prescribe treatments that are expensive yet have very little help since insurance companies pay the bills. However, public health structures ensure that healthcare practitioners stick within budgets and ration care to what is appropriate and most needed. Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

Another rationale that proves public health structures are the most optimal is the issue of adverse selection as compared to private health structures. A major problem with private health structures is that most individuals who may be unhealthy will desire the most to purchase insurances and this may lead to increased insurance premiums (Chapman, 2014). However, young and healthy individuals are easily discouraged from purchasing insurances that are relatively expensive. As a result, the majority in this category won’t take insurances leaving a high percentage of the unhealthy population to insurers.  According to Torchia, Calabrò, & Morner (2015), a major concern with adverse selection is that it may require interventions from the government to ensure that average premiums are reduced and healthy individuals do not neglect to take insurances, which makes public health structures the most optimal.Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay

References

Chapman, A. (2014). The impact of reliance on private sector health services on the right to health. Health Hum Rights, 16(1), 122-33.

DeSalvo, K. B., O’Carroll, P. W., Koo, D., Auerbach, J. M., & Monroe, J. A. (2016). Public health 3.0: time for an upgrade. American journal of public health, 106(4), 621.

Frieden, T. R. (2015). The future of public health. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(18), 1748-1754.

Lorenzoni, L., Belloni, A., & Sassi, F. (2014). Health-care expenditure and health policy in the USA versus other high-spending OECD countries. The Lancet, 384(9937), 83-92.

McPake, B., & Hanson, K. (2016). Managing the public–private mix to achieve universal health coverage. The Lancet, 388(10044), 622-630.

Torchia, M., Calabrò, A., & Morner, M. (2015). Public–private partnerships in the health care sector: a systematic review of the literature. Public Management Review, 17(2), 236-261.Contrast of Health Care Structures Essay