Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

Overview: Final Project Milestone Three In Milestone Two, you formulated your PICO(T) question. For Milestone Three, you will construct an annotated bibliography by using your PICO(T) to guide your research. The annotated bibliography will assist you in gathering a detailed list of resources to use in your integrative review of the literature. An annotated bibliography is an organized list of sources with an accompanying paragraph that describes, explains, and/or evaluates each entry in terms of quality, authority, and relevance. The purpose of writing an annotated bibliography is to provide an overview of the research that has been published on a particular topic. Prompt: For this milestone, you will prepare an annotated bibliography with at least six citations. An annotation concisely paraphrases the main idea and purpose of the selected resource. The annotation of a scholarly journal should identify the thesis (or research question, or hypothesis), the methods used, and its discussion or conclusions. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment. Remember that identifying the purpose is a different task than listing the resource’s contents. To be more precise, the annotation should state why the contents are there. While constructing your annotations, be sure to include the following critical elements: ? Restate argument or thesis, methods, and conclusions (1–2 sentences) ? Evaluate/critique resource (1–2 sentences) ? Make connection to PICO(T) question (1–2 sentences) Guidelines for Submission: Your annotated bibliography must be submitted as a 4–6 page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and six sources cited in APA format. Your chosen sources must be recent (within the last five years), peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles, and should appear in alphabetical order. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

How to Formulate a PICOT Research Question

The PICOT Statement: Some Facts and Overview

PICOT is one of the consistent formats or formulae used to formulate the Research questions. Upfront, it may look like an easy task or job to do; but it is more peculiar than that. In order to develop a PICOT research question in the statement a large amount of data is required for setting the precedence. Unplanned gathering and compiling of the data will render to the failure of the whole process and eventually, the research question formation will be a failure. Thus, the creation of the research question is time consuming and require a lot of brainstorming. PICOT is generally used to create research questions regarding to: P (Patients), I (Intervention), C (Comparison), O (Outcome) and T (Time).

While jotting down the questions for the statements, one must have adequate knowledge of the matter to be written about. In the given scenario, the writer must be aware of his surroundings and the condition of the parent put under the examination. The patient is the sole reason for the conduction of the study in the first place. Therefore, the format of the questions remains flexible and could be changed as per the requirement. The people generally fail to comprehend the PICOT statements and are unable to harness the quality it produces. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment
PICOT Questions for Nursing Research

Forming research material and questions for the Nursing teams is one of the most critical parts of the evaluations being carried out. It is important to be flexible because the things are perceived differently by different people. One needs to rely on the current position of the patient in order to formulate proper questions.Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

In order to make a proper research question, it is important to choose a proper standard format for the development of question. The template can be as follows:

P: It stands for the patient i.e. to adjudge as if what is the problem that is faced by the patient, who he is and what lead him to the issue.

I stands for the intervention exposure one is allowed in order to ask questions and retrieve the information. It needs to be evaluated as to how should they be treated and who can do it.

C stands for the compassion derived. It can be used to compare the effect of intervention and how the result can be compared.

O stands for the outcome of the whole procedure and what lead to the results. It is to be evaluated as if the result is positive or negative.

T stands for the time constraint. It helps to define the timeframe under which the whole scenario should be created and how will the actions follow up.

The above stated template will help to form an effective question and answer which will be able to grasp the matter effectively. Once the data is gathered and stratified, it will become easy to
Steps: Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

The PICOT question helps in evaluating the ability of the nursing students as to how much capable they are and how much preparation they have in order to pass the final graduate nursing exam. This also helps the nursing students to choose their areas of specialization and the patients they wish to work on. There are many other benefits of having the PICOT questions as they help in the development of the individual. One must have knowledge as to how to develop a PICOT Question. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

Following are the steps to formulate the PICOT research question:

The first step for the person preparing the questionnaire should be as to as to what is the patient he needs to work on, the intervention exposure he can have on the patient, what comparison can be made and how the outcome will be perceived. Upon the deciding of the above constraints; the time for carrying out the whole process will be decided.

Once the above stated are decided, it is important to pay attention to the patient and to know all of it medical history and the reasons for the development of the same. This is a vital part of the PICOT Research Question. Final Project Milestone Three.

Review the Topic Materials and the work completed in NRS-433V to formulate a PICOT statement for your capstone project.

A PICOT starts with a designated patient population in a particular clinical area and identifies clinical problems or issues that arise from clinical care. The intervention should be an independent, specified nursing change intervention. The intervention cannot require a provider prescription. Include a comparison to a patient population not currently receiving the intervention, and specify the timeframe needed to implement the change process. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

Formulate a PICOT statement using the PICOT format provided in the assigned readings. The PICOT statement will provide a framework for your capstone project.

In a paper of 500-750 words, clearly identify the clinical problem and how it can result in a positive patient outcome.

Make sure to address the following on the PICOT statement:

1. Evidence-Based Solution
2. Nursing Intervention
3. Patient Care
4. Health Care Agency
5. Nursing Practice

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Welcome to WEEK 3!

Class, in week 3 we will begin the capstone project and this process, like research, always begins with a burning question or questioning statement. So many students get nervous about this and my challenge to you is not get nervous but rather take a deep breath and plunge in. Think about practice problems or questions you have often asked yourself. This is the time to find best evidence supported answers!! The PICO(T) is the question that guides a research study-it needs to be succinct and explicit- with just a little leeway J. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

P= Population. You will want this to be kind of vague or all the studies and articles you find will have to be very tight. For example, if your population is ‘in children 5-10 years old’, then you will have to find studies done on children between 5-10; however, if you say children, adolescents and teens your base is larger. In addition, if the issue can be applied in general, such as Hospital Acquired Infections- you will want to say, “In patients with central lines” or “In intubated and vent dependent patients”….rather than in adults, children, elderly.  Now you can find studies for ALL patients with central lines or all patients that are tubed and vented.

I-Intervention. What it is you plan to do, or plan to research. This must be nursing focused and patient driven. This can be an independent intervention or a bundle. For example, “In vented patients, what does current literature suggest for best practice in the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia?” Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

C-Comparison. Not all PICO(T)s have a comparison. For example, if you wonder if  staffing is an issue with medication errors, you may want to research the evidence supporting ‘best’ way to staff- is it by numbers, acuity, team/primary mix, etc. There will not be a comparison.  If you like the idea of investigating hourly purposeful rounding, your comparison will be assumed. For example, ‘In the acute care setting, will purposeful hourly rounding decrease patient falls?’ In this study, one would monitor falls and compare to prior statistics. Here is the issue with using a ‘background foreground’ type question (see Dearholt& Dang, pg.64) is that it does not lead to the change plan you  want. You can use a background foreground question as you seek best practice but once you start your change plan in milestone 2, you will have to take the information you learned from this question and then develop another PICO to  build your change project.

O-Outcome. What it is you are trying to determine- often this is related to best practice… fewer falls, less mortality, shorter hospital stays, higher patient/nurse satisfaction, decreased burnout, better compliance, better outcomes, shorter hospital stays, etc.

Putting it all together!!

In the diabetic patient (P), implementation of (outpatient) telemedicine and support of a nurse practitioner (I), will improve patient compliance and decrease long-term effects of diabetes (O).

In the diabetic patient (P), implementation of aggressive education program regarding disease process and self-care (I) will lead to increased compliance through self-efficacy (O). Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

In school age children (P), education regarding diet and exercise (I) with parents/family present, compared to school age child without parents/family present(C) in long term healthy health choices and compliance.

Let’s practice! See if you can label the P-I-C-O in these statements/questions!

• In patients with central lines, does the use of Curos Port Protectors, compared with no protectors, decrease incidence of blood born infection?
• In acute care, does including alcohol-based dispensers on the unit, compared with soap and water only, increase staff compliance in hand washing?
• In nursing population, what reasons are stated for poor hand hygiene compliance?
• In patients with peripheral IV lines, does the implementation of Curos Port Protectors decrease incidence of blood born infections?
• In the diabetic population, integration of exercise programs with diet education, compared to diet education alone, will decrease risk of long-term complications.
• For the diabetic patient, which self-care strategies are most important in the control of the disease and minimizing long term complications?
• In the diabetic patient, formal education and support system, compared with no formal education and follow up, will increase self-efficacy leading to better compliance reducing complications to disease. Formulating PICO(T) question Assignment

T-Time. Time is not always appropriate. Sometimes it is important to note that you will be researching for a period of time. For example, if you were planning to collect data on handwashing, you may put alcohol dispensers up and then collect data for a month. On the other hand, you may complete a teaching project and you want to assess learning after a presentation.  If you are doing a literature search for studies on a particular topic, you may not want to limit your search to a specific period of time.

Dearholt, S.  & Dang, D. (2012). Johns  Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Model and guidelines (2^nd.). Indianapolis, IN :Sigma Theta Tau International