How might the application of heat or substances that dilate blood vessels relieve such soreness?

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What steps might be taken to minimize atrophy of the skeletal muscles in patients confined to bed for prolonged times? Include at least two scholarly references.
Note. Initial answers to the discussion question must be substantive and in the range of 250–400 words.

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As lactate and other substances accumulate in active muscle, they stimulate pain receptors, and the muscle may feel sore. How might the application of heat or substances that dilate blood vessels relieve such soreness?
Note. Initial answers to the discussion question must be substantive and in the range of 250–400 words.a