Discuss how you will promote best practices for managing the selected disease in your current healthcare organization.

Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

The INTRODUCTION: As an advanced practice nurse, it is important to diagnose, treat, and evaluate patients who have a chronic disease. A nurse must understand how pathology, treatment, regimens, and psycho-social issues affect patients and the care they receive. Disease management is more than just monitoring a medication or treatment; it is evaluating the disease process from the micro to macro level. As a nurse with an advanced degree, you will be expected to assess patients and individual and population responses to chronic illness.

For this assessment, you will investigate pathopharmacological issues related to a specific disease process. You may choose to investigate traumatic brain injury, depression, obesity, asthma, or heart failure. As part of this assessment, you will analyze the various impacts the disease process has on the patients, their families, and populations at a local, national, and international level. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

*I would like the topic of the paper to be on OBESITY.

REQUIREMENTS: Must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

Investigate one of the following disease processes: traumatic brain injury, depression, obesity, asthma, or heart failure.
Analyze the pathophysiology of the disease process you selected in part A.
Discuss the standard of practice for the selected disease process.
Discuss the evidence-based pharmacological treatments in your state and how they affect management of the selected disease in your community.
Discuss clinical guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and patient education for the selected disease process.
Compare the standard practice for managing the disease within your community with state or national practices.
Discuss characteristics of and resources for a patient who manages the selected disease well, including access to care, treatment options, life expectancy, and outcomes.
Analyze disparities between the management of the selected disease on a national and international level.
Discuss three or four factors (e.g., financial resources, access to care, insured/uninsured, Medicare/Medicaid) that contribute to a patient being able to manage the selected disease. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay
Explain how a lack of the factors discussed in part A4 leads to an unmanaged disease process.
Describe the characteristics of a patient with the selected disease that is unmanaged.

Analyze how the selected disease process affects patients, families, and populations in your community.

Discuss the financial costs associated with the selected disease process for patients, families, and populations from diagnosis to treatment.

Discuss how you will promote best practices for managing the selected disease in your current healthcare organization.

Discuss three strategies you could use to implement best practices for managing the selected disease in your current healthcare organization.

Discuss an appropriate method to evaluate the implementation of each of the strategies from part C1.

When you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay
Note: When using sources to support ideas and elements in an assessment, the submission MUST include APA formatted in-text citations with a corresponding reference list for any direct quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted if they have not been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the assessment.

*Use the following sources: VitalSource E-Texts

McCance, K.L., Huether, S.E. (2018). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. ISBN: 9780323583473

Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S.S. (2013). Abrams’ clinical drug therapy: Rationales for nursing practice. (10th ed). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Print ISBN: 9781609137113, 1609137116

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN-13: 9781433805615urces: Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

*RUBRIC Explained:

Section What Rubric States What this means for you

Articulation The candidate provides substantial articulation of response. You are expected to write logically with clarity. Organization, and proper writing mechanics.

Investigated Disease Process The candidate investigates 1 of the given disease processes. 1. You are expected to provide a brief introduction of the disease process you have selected to investigate.
Consider including a discussion of why you selected this topic and the scope of the impact of the disease in general.
A1. Pathophysiology The candidate provides a plausible analysis, with substantial detail, of the pathophysiology of the disease process selected in part A. 1. You are expected to discuss the pathophysiology of the selected disease from the macro to micro level.

This is an opportunity to begin with a general approach to the sequence of factors that result in alterations in normal function at the systems level and drill down to the hormonal, electrolyte and cellular changes that promote the appearance or progression of the disease.

Things to consider: Have you identified and discussed the factors that contribute to the disease from a system level all the way down to the cellular level? What changes occur as a result of the disease and how does the body respond (compensate)?

A2. Standard of Practice The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the standard of practice for the selected disease process. 1. You are to discuss the aspects of the standards of practice for the disease in detail.

The standard of practice is essentially a consensus of what providers follow assessing, diagnosing, and managing the disease on a daily basis. They may align completely with the Clinical Practice Guidelines or differ in some ways based on prevalence, resources and local outcomes.
Consider looking at your facility protocols or the practice recommendations in your state.
A2a. Pharmacological Treatments The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the evidence-based pharmacological treatments in the candidate’s state and how they affect management of the selected disease in the candidate’s community. 1. Identify and discuss the pharmacological treatments generally used in your state (based on Standards of Practice or Clinical Practice Guidelines). You may use 1st person or ‘in the author’s state’…Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Next, discuss the ways in which those medications impact the individuals in your community who have the disease. Consider these and other issues: Are outcomes changed? Is progression of the disease limited? Are hospitalizations decreased? Are patients more compliant?
A2b. Clinical Guidelines The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of clinical guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and patient education for the selected disease process. What are the elements of the Clinical Practice Guidelines that focus on assessment, diagnosis, and patient education? Identify and discus them in detail.

A2c. Standard Practice of Disease Management The candidate provides an appropriate comparison, with substantial detail, of standard practice for managing the disease within the candidate’s community with state or national practices. In what ways do the local practice guidelines in your community (or facility) align with the state or national practice guidelines? Compare them in detail by discussing elements that are similar and those that differ. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Note: You may use 1st person in your discussions about your state, community or facility.

A3. Managed Disease Process The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of characteristics of and resources for a patient who manages the selected disease well, including access to care, treatment options, life expectancy, and outcomes. Discuss ‘what it takes’ for an individual to manage their disease. Consider including a description of the patient and linking those characteristics to the presentation of the disease and the connection with access to care, available options for treatments, life expectancy and outcomes.

A3a. Disparities The candidate provides a plausible analysis, with substantial support, of disparities between management of the selected disease on a national and international level. 1. Focus on the differences in management of the disease in two socioeconomic areas, regions, states, ethnicities in the US. Consider including access to care, ability to pay for care, treatment received, and alignment with guidelines.

Focus on the differences in management of the disease in two nations outside the US. Consider including access to care, ability to pay for care, treatment received, and alignment with guidelines and ways in which it is similar or different from the care received in the US. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay
A4. Managed Disease Factors The candidate provides a logical discussion, with sufficient detail, of 3 or 4 factors that contribute to a patient being able to manage the selected disease. Identify and discuss at least 3 factors that are critical to assuring the patient can manage the disease. Consider access to care, insurance status, government assistance, socioeconomic status, education, health literacy, support system, cultural beliefs and other factors.

A4a. Unmanaged Disease Factors The candidate provides a logical explanation, with substantial detail, of how a lack of the factors discussed in part A4 leads to an unmanaged disease process. Identify and discuss the ways the absence of factors critical to being able to manage the disease lead to unmanaged disease. Consider using the same factors discussed in A4.

A4ai. Unmanaged Disease Characteristics The candidate provides an appropriate description, with sufficient detail, of the characteristics of a patient with the selected disease that is unmanaged. Picture the patient with unmanaged disease and describe him or her in relation to physical appearance and emotional status.

Patients, Families, & Populations The candidate provides a plausible analysis, with substantial detail, of how the selected disease process affects patients, families, and populations in the candidate’s community. 1. Discuss the ways in which the disease directly affects the patient – work, limitations, activity, social relationships, support system…
Discuss the ways in which the disease indirectly impacts the family – work, roles, family dynamics, lifestyles, more than one person in family with disease…
Discuss the ways in which the disease indirectly impacts the community – high or low prevalence, available resources, reallocation of resources, increased outreach…
B1. Costs The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the financial costs associated with the selected disease process for patients, families, and populations from diagnosis to treatment. 1. What are the financial costs to the patient? Consider out-of-pocket expenses, insurance premiums, medications, treatments and diagnostic tests, procedures, assistive devices, hospitalizations, out-patient visits…Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

What are the financial costs to the family? These are generally indirect. Consider discussing increased premiums, life insurance, care-giver responsibilities, limited disposable income, home revisions/accommodations, the impact on household income…
What are the financial costs to the community? Outreach and education programs, adaptive equipment, increased allocation of resources and funding, increased providers and facility capabilities…
Best Practices Promotion The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of how the candidate will promote best practices for managing the selected disease in the candidate’s current healthcare organization. Discuss the specific initiatives/interventions you as an Advanced Practice nurse would use (given the opportunity) to promote best practices in your current organization. Think about ways you can make a substantial difference in the outcomes of the disease in your facility and/or the community utilizing evidence based practices? Are there aspects of your organization’s standards of practice that you can identify and what would you do to address them?
C1. Implementation Plan The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of 3 strategies the candidate could use to implement best practices for managing the selected disease in the candidate’s current healthcare organization. Identify and discuss 3 specific strategies/interventions you might use to implement best practices for the selected disease.

You might consider using approaches that align with your current specialty track.

C2. Evaluation Method The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of an appropriate method to evaluate the implementation of each of the strategies from part C1. Identify and discuss an objective measurement tool to determine whether each of your interventions is successful. Be sure your tool/mode of evaluation is evidence-based and aligns with your interventions in C1.Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Sources When the candidate uses sources, the candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with no readily detectable deviations from APA style, OR the candidate does not use sources. Correctly use in-text citations and references to support your discussions. Strictly adhere to APA guidelines.
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Obesity

Obesity affects majority of the population around the globe. This disorder is associated with the presence of excessive fats in the body that increases the weight and as well risks the occurrence of health problems including hypertension, diabetes and cardiac diseases. As such, it is more than a cosmetic concern that continues to challenge the healthcare system. Obesity is assessed using the body mass index (BMI) of an individual whereby one is declared obese when their BMI, the measure of height and weight, ranges between 30 and 39.9 (Bomberg et al., 2017). It alters the functions of different organs including the reproductive, endocrine, pulmonary, intestinal, liver and the cardiac system. As such this paper seeks to explore obesity, its pathophysiological process and other factors impacting the acquisition and management of the disease.

Pathophysiology of the Disease Process

Obesity affects the normal functioning of various organs in the body and is as well a major contributor to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (McCance, Huether, 2018). The glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunctions are influenced by obesity. This occurs from the excessive production of adipokines which also affects the immune system risking the contraction of cancerous diseases including those affecting the colon, esophageal and hepatocellular (McCance, Huether, 2018). In relation to the immune system, obesity has been reported to cause low-grade and chronic inflammation. This condition is also referred to as meta-inflammation whereby no clinical manifestations are observed in an individual regardless of the rise of pro-inflammatory factors in circulation. Increased meta-inflammation takes place in the abdomen due to the accumulation of excessive fat cells cause by abdominal obesity.

The adipose tissue is regarded as an immune organ considering the function of its tissues in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Obesity suppresses the functioning and amount of immune cells causing the insulin resistance which eventually results in meta-inflammation. As a result, the T lymphocytes and eosinophils decrease as the B- lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells and macrophages increase to counter the insulin resistance. On the other hand, obesity reduces vascularization which induces hypoxic conditions that are associated with expansion of fat cells. This leads to limitation of oxygen access to the adipose tissue thus triggering anaerobic respiration which eventually causes inflammation from build-up of macrophages. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

The pathophysiology of this health condition is characterized by the alteration of feedback and neuro-chemical signaling which causes the energy imbalances from the derangement of the central regulation. Inappropriate adipose organ expansions take place as a result of these changes which in turn cause the excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. The final results of this disease process are translated into type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis and atherogenesis, development of tumors and increased risks of heart diseases which reduce the lifespan of an individual.

Standard of Practice

The first Federal clinical practice guidelines was issued in 1998 by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIDDK. These guidelines sought to provide the evidence-based practice approaches for management of obesity and overweight issues. They consist of recommendations based on scientific evidence as well as practical implementation strategies for losing weight and weight loss maintenance. Moreover, they address the needs of the public, patient, organizations, nurses, primary care, nutritionists, primary care physicians as well as pharmacists.

On the other hand, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) also provides guidelines for the treatment of obesity based on understanding of its pathophysiology. These standards address both weight loss and the improvement of health and life quality for the patients. They also focus on the environmental, genetic and behavioral components of obesity pathophysiology. One of the standard guidelines indicates that the primary goa of obesity care is to alleviate the complications related to weight and not only weight loss. Another standard recommends the adults to be screened annually for obesity and overweight with evaluation of clinical factors. Progressive increase in weight gain demands additional screening for probable disorders.

Evidence-based Pharmacological Treatments in Florida State and their Effects in Clay County

The treatment of obesity in Florida State involves both the evidence-based pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches. Prescription medicines are often given to manage the symptoms and treat the comorbid disorders. This intervention is taken when all other methods are termed futile in loss weight loss and are employed in cases whereby the patient’s BMI exceeds 30 and as well when the BMI is more than 30 and associated with other health complications. The medications commonly used to treat obesity in Florida include the liraglutide, contrave, qsymia, belviq, and xenical (American Psychological Association, 2010). These medications are taken under close supervision to identify the adverse side effects and monitor the loss of weight progress.

In Florida, prescription of obesity medication is performed by trained and qualified physicians with licenses and experience with weight loss cases. This prevents misuse and abuse of drugs and particularly when physical activity can be employed to manage the disorder. Following the set regulations and standards for pharmacological treatment of obesity for the State of Florida, Clay County community has managed to improve the outcome of patients significantly. The population of children and adults with the disease has reduced over the years the quality of life has improved over the past few years. Anti-obesity drugs have been beneficial to the community through reduction of appetite, promotion of energy utilization by the body and reduction of fat absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. They have also decreased the chances of getting cardiovascular diseases, glycaemia and hypertension among the patients in Clay County community. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Clinical Guidelines

Assessment

The prescription of medication for obesity patients is determined by initial assessment by qualified physicians. It involves the appropriate physical assessment characterized by the examination of the patients ,medical history, appropriate tests related to medical treatment for weight loss,appropriate physical and complete history; medical referrals relevant to testing, history and physical assessment as directed by the general standards of medical care in Florida. Advanced registered nurses as trained physician’s assistant licensed practitioners who have pursued Chapter 464, F.S. and Chapter 458, F.S. respectively can be delegated for initial evaluation duties. The delegating physician is responsible for reviewing the results from advanced registered nurses before prescription is conducted.

Diagnosis

Obesity diagnosis is based on the body mass index of an individual. A BMI of 30 and above or one of 27 with comorbidity factors suggests the presence of the disorder. A physical examination helps in determining the body temperatures, measuring the height and weight of the patent, taking health history including the exercise and eating habits, efforts to lose weight, history of weight, medication and family health. Vital signs are also checked which involved checking the blood pressure, heart rate, abdominal, heart and lung examination. The waist circumference is also measured to determine the amount of fat stored around the waist while blood tests are conducted based on the risk factors of the client.

Patient Education

Patient education is important in raising awareness and improving the management of obesity. The physician addresses the main health concern of the patient and goes ahead to raise issues related to the problem. This includes physical and mental health as well as risk factors. Moreover, the practitioner advices the patient on the best practices to venture in, medication and treatment approaches, diet and behavioral patterns as well as lifestyle issues that may impact their weight loss. On the other hand, the patient is referred for behavioral, multicompetent intensive interventions with counselling and lifestyle programs. Patient education also involves helping the patient to lose weight in the appropriate and healthy manner using the practice guidelines and as well how to maintain the normal weight and BMI.

Standards of Practice in Clay County and Florida

The practice standards in Clay County community are similar to those applied in the whole of Florida County. Prescription of obesity medication demands the measurement of the patient’s BMI by a trained and experienced physician. Therefore, weight loss enhancers can only be prescribed when the BMI is 30 and above, with comorbidity associated with a BMI of 27 and over. Physicians in Clay County are restricted from conducting prescriptions, dispensing, administrating or ordering eight loss drugs that are anorexic or serotonergic agents as required by the standards of Florida health department. Prescriptions must also be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before they are administered, dispensed, ordered or prescribed to patients. Prescriptions must be written down and the prescribing physician should sign and both the patient and physician must retain records of the written prescription every time. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Evaluation by physicians or trained and experienced registered nurses must be done before prescriptions are made. Advertisements by any practitioner must meet the requirements of Rule 64B8-11.001, F.A.C. more so, Sections 501.0575(1)(a) through (e)3., F.S demand the provision of Weight-Loss Consumer Bill of Rights to the patient during the course of assisting them with weight loss (Frandsen& Pennington, 2013). Generally, the Florida State provides the standards practices for obesity management to its counties and thus, they share similar practice standards.

Characteristics of and Resources for Patients

The resources available for obesity patients include online platforms that provide education and knowledge regarding maintenance of normal body weight and obesity prevention as well as counselling opportunities. Healthcare facilities are also available with equipped measuring, testing and counselling together with treatment services. Healthcare access is provided by local healthcare organizations in Florida and also healthcare providers. The Clay Transit also offers transportation services while Community Hospice of NE Florida, Clay Medical Society and other organizations provide healthcare awareness to the community residents.

Obesity is treated in healthcare institutions. The treatment options employ pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic approaches. This entails the administration of prescription drugs which include gastrointestinal fat blockers and appetite suppressants approved by FDA (Frandsen& Pennington, 2013). These seek to reduce the excessive weight and modify the eating habits. Moreover, surgery is recommended for the patients with comorbidity risks for patients with a BMI of 35 and above. Lifestyle changes such as health eating and physical exercise through real time deities and nutritional goals also help in reducing the weight. Exercises enhance the utilization of calories in form of energy thus preventing storage of excess fats that cause weight gain.

Healthcare access and treatment increase a patient’s life expectancy significantly due to prevention of risks associated with obesity and comorbid diseases such as cardiovascular disorder, hypertension and disabilities among others which reduces the lifespan of an individual. The outcomes of treatment for obesity include increased life expectancy, saving finances, weight loss and increased immunity that protects the patient from comorbid disorders. it also promotes health and wellbeing as well as reduces the healthcare expenditure by the community, families and insurances. Consequently, promotion of health and awareness increases and promotes good practices that maintain wellbeing. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Health Disparities

Health disparities associated with healthcare include racial and ethnic inequalities. White women are less prone to obesity compared to Hispanic and African American pregnant women. They also have higher chances of getting access to medical care compared to the other races. For instance, Africa presents high chances of obesity due to the less developed healthcare system. Gender disparities also affect obesity in that women are more likely to become obese compared to men. This is due to their occupations as well as the reproductive functions and responsibilities. Obesity is also higher in urban residents compared to the rural population. This is often due to lack of engagement in physical exercises and poor dieting among the urban population in comparison to the rural residents who are constantly carrying out various activities. They also do not intake a lot of junk food particularly the children.

Factors Facilitating Management of Obesity

Financial resources are significant in the management of any disorder. This is because, the access of healthcare services is dependent on the financial capabilities of the patient and this causes economic disparities in healthcare. According to Bombarg et al., (2017), the estimated annual cost of management of the obese population in the United States is £1.9–£2 billion. This includes consultation, medication, surgery and other healthcare service charges including appointments and physical activities as well as a visit to the nutritionists. The patient also incurs finances on diet change and lifestyle changes and therefore, lack of finances can limit the access to care.

Insurances also promote healthcare access. This is because; they help in covering the patient’s hospital bills either partially or wholly. As such, insured persons are capable of receiving health services without financial constrains compared to the uninsured patients. Most insurers cover for expensive gastric bypass and bariatric surgeries as well as medications prescribed. This is dependent on the healthcare insurance policy one is registered to and their qualification for the requirements of the insurance plan. However, uninsured persons take up the full responsibility of the hospital bills. More often, the poor and unemployment population lacks insurance which prevents their access for medical care and obesity management. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Notably, the A Affordable Care Act, a health insurance plan by the US government provides coverage for obesity patients. It also requires most insurance providers to tackle obesity management including counselling and screening services. Medicare/Medicaid also requires insurers to assist patient in losing weight depending on their individual plans. They also cover behavioral therapies for beneficiary patients and thus make healthcare access affordable and accessible to persons with a BMI of 30 and more. Basic fitness services such as SilverSneakers are covered by Medicare Advantage Plus plans and since a large population of the US residents benefits from the Affordable Care Act, obesity management has become easier over the years and less financially draining.

Lack of Management Factors

Obesity management is essential in maintaining the health and wellbeing of the population. This is because, it helps treat and prevent the occurrence of obesity as well as the comorbid diseases. in this case, lack of financial resources prevents healthcare access, Obesity interventions and medications are significantly expensive and therefore, poverty and lack of finances to register for insurance plans or make personal payments reduces the chances of healthcare access. On the other hand, Medicare expects some payments in form of premiums like other insurance plans and therefore, lack of compliance can result in limited access of counseling, surgery, medication and associated healthcare services that influence the management of obesity. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Characteristics of Obese Patients

A patient with unmanaged obesity presents with a BMI of 30 and above or 27 and above with comorbidities. The patient struggles with increased weight and the burden of life quality finding it difficult to walk long distances or go up staircases. Often, they have diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol problems (Leggio et al., 2017). It is likely for them to suffer depression due to the image and body size as well as continues weight gain from emotional eating. They lack motivation and got fed up by the way they look and the fact that they can no longer fit in their clothes even though they lack motivation and desire to engage in programs that help lose weight. Cardiovascular disorders and diabetes are likely to affect these people. Many of these patients are financially unstable due to lack of abilities to perform well at workplaces. Students also present poor academic performances.

Effects on Patients, Families and Populations

Obesity affects the family in that it instills unhealthy eating habits and lifestyles. Obese children are reported to have obese patients by previous research. Moreover, obesity drains the family’s financial resources due to the increased management costs. For the patient, their body image, health, self-esteem and financial status deteriorates and they can contract comorbid diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, hypertension and stroke which render the patient dependent on both the family and the community. Death might also occur which deprives the society human power and degrades the quality of life due to increased health lifestyles. Some teenagers end up harming themselves, withdrawing and even committing suicide due to bullying by their peers. Obesity also impacts social life whereby, patients experience an emotional toll, discrimination and feelings of social isolation. Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

Promotion of Best Practices

The best practices for managing obesity can be promoted through patient education. This entails training of patients and imparting them with knowledge and skills to manage the disease. It also involves engaging the in physical activities and recommending the best possible approaches to lose weight. Moreover, creation of awareness in the community is essential in modifying the lifestyle and dietary habits of the population. The population also gets to understand the consequences of obesity and the preventive measures. Additionally, I will engage my colleagues in discussions concerning challenges in management and encourage interporfessional collaboration to help in resolving the healthcare organization issues affecting obesity management.

Patient education will be implemented through the personal engagement with obese patients. Counselling will be provided to the clients and also, they will be informed more about the disease and acceptance to initiate management. The patient will learn about preventive measures, skills and be informed about the available interventions as well as the way they can maintain a healthy weight. On the other hand, creation of community awareness about obesity will be doe through workshops, websites, health fairs and community fairs in different locations in Clay County. Notably, interporfessional collaboration will be an internal organization approach that will enhance knowledge sharing regarding obesity through teamwork and informed decision-making supported by consultation from all the organizational experts.

The best evaluation method for best practice strategies is the use of telemetric devices. This involves the use of accelerometers and weighing scales implanted in a device which are issued to the patients, participating community members and the members of the interporfessional teams created in the organization. Data obtained from the participants is sent regularly to allow weekly feedback from the participants regarding their progress with their activities including resolution of obesity issues in the organization, preventive measure and education as well as the weight loss progress for patients. A control group is essential in evaluating the success of the implemented strategies. The telemonitoring strategy with a home box for the family, a participant’s accelerometer and a weighing scale is applicable in the contemporary society due to its ability to transmit data and link it up through a mobile application that is shared by the hospital (Luley et al., 2010). Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay

References

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN-13: 9781433805615urces:

Bomberg, E., Birch, L., Endenburg, N., German, A. J., Neilson, J., Seligman, H., …& Day, M. J. (2017). The financial costs, behaviour and psychology of obesity: a one health analysis. Journal of comparative pathology, 156(4), 310-325.

Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S.S. (2013). Abrams’ clinical drug therapy: Rationales for nursing practice. (10th ed). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Print ISBN: 9781609137113, 1609137116

Leggio, M., Lombardi, M., Caldarone, E., Severi, P., D’emidio, S., Armeni, M., …&Mazza, A. (2017). The relationship between obesity and hypertension: an updated comprehensive overview on vicious twins. Hypertension Research, 40(12), 947.

Luley, C., Blaik, A., Aronica, S., Dierkes, J., Kropf, S., &Westphal, S. (2010). Evaluation of three new strategies to fight obesity in families. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2010.

McCance, K.L., Huether, S.E. (2018). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. ISBN: Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Essay