Assignment: COPD Exacerbation

Assignment: COPD Exacerbation

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Question 32. Question : Second-generation antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin) are prescribed for seasonal allergies because they: Are more effective than first-generation antihistamines Are less sedating than first-generation antihistamines Are prescription products and, therefore, are covered by insurance Can be taken with CNS sedatives, such as alcohol Question 33. Question : Steady state is: The point on the drug concentration curve when absorption exceeds excretion When the amount of drug in the body remains constant When the amount of drug in the body stays below the minimum toxic concentration (MTC) All of the above Question 34. Question : Jayla is a nine-year-old who has been diagnosed with migraines for almost two years. She is missing up to a week of school each month. Her headache diary confirms she averages four or five migraines per month. Which of the following would be appropriate? Prescribe amitriptyline (Elavil) daily, start at a low dose and increase the dose slowly every two weeks until effective in eliminating migraines. Encourage her mother to give her Excedrin Migraine (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) at the first sign of a headache to abort the headache. Prescribe propranolol (Inderal) to be taken daily for at least three months. Explain that it is rare for a nine-year-old to get migraines and that she needs an MRI to rule out a brain tumor. Question 35. Question : Josie is a five-year-old who presents to the clinic with a forty-eight-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and some diarrhea. She is unable to keep fluids down, and her weight is 4 pounds less than her last recorded weight. Besides intravenous (IV) fluids, her exam warrants the use of an antinausea medication. Which of the following would be the appropriate drug to order for Josie? Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Meclizine (Antivert) Promethazine (Phenergan) Ondansetron (Zofran) Question 36. Question : Long-term use of PPIs may lead to: Hip fractures in at-risk persons Vitamin B6 deficiency Liver cancer All of the above Question 37. Question : Many patients self-medicate with antacids. Which patients should be counseled to not take calcium carbonate antacids without discussing with their providers or a pharmacist first? Patients with kidney stones Pregnant patients Patients with heartburn IN Postmenopausal women 0 of 2.5 Question 38. Question : Beta blockers treat hypertension because they: Reduce peripheral resistance. Vasoconstrict coronary arteries. Reduce norepinephrine. Reduce angiotensin II production. Question 39. Question : Precautions that should be taken when prescribing controlled substances include: Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy Using tamper-proof papers for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs Keeping any presigned prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed Question 40. Question : The tricyclic antidepressants should be prescribed cautiously in patients with: Eczema Asthma Diabetes Heart disease Question 41. Question : An ACE inhibitor and what other class of drug may reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetes better than either drug alone? Beta blockers Diuretics Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers Angiotensin II receptor blockers Question 42. Question : Metoclopramide improves GERD symptoms by: Reducing acid secretion Increasing gastric pH Increasing lower esophageal tone Decreasing lower esophageal tone Question 43. Question : Patient education regarding prescribed medication includes: Instructions written at the high school reading level Discussion of expected ADRs How to store leftover medication such as antibiotics Verbal instructions always in English Question 44. Question : If a patient with H. pylori positive PUD fails first-line therapy, the second-line treatment is: A PPI BID plus metronidazole plus tetracycline plus bismuth subsalicylate for fourteen days Testing H. pylori for resistance to common treatment regimens A PPI plus clarithromycin plus amoxicillin for fourteen days A PPI and levofloxacin for fourteen days Question 45. Question : A patient with a COPD exacerbation may require: Doubling of inhaled corticosteroid dose Systemic corticosteroid burst Continuous inhaled beta 2 agonists Leukotriene therapy Question 46. Question : Angela is a black woman who has heard that women of African descent do not need to worry about osteoporosis. What education would you provide Angela about her risk? She is ; black women do not have much risk of developing osteoporosis due to their dark skin. Black women are at risk of developing osteoporosis due to their lower calcium intake as a group. If she doesn’t drink alcohol, her risk of developing osteoporosis is low. If she has not lost more than 10% of her weight lately, her risk is low. Question 47. Question : The role of the nurse practitioner in the use of herbal medication is to: Maintain competence in the prescribing of common herbal remedies. Recommend common OTC herbs to patients. Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care. Encourage patients to not use herbal therapy due to the documented dangers. Question 48. Question : Ray has been diagnosed with hypertension, and an ACE inhibitor is determined to be needed. Prior to prescribing this drug, the nurse practitioner should assess for: Hypokalemia Impotence Decreased renal function Inability to concentrate